Since the late 1970s, relational database technology has been adopted by most
organizations to store their essential data. However, nowadays, the needs of these …

Cadastral databases have been used for over 20 years, but most contain 2D data. The
increasing presence of high-rise buildings with modern architecture complicates the process …

Underground Land Administration (ULA) plays a paramount role in recording, registering
and managing underground ownership boundaries and rights, restrictions and …

A smart built environment has become necessary for ensuring social well-being due to
uncontrolled population growth and unrestrainable urban sprawl. In this connection …

Image-based 3D reconstruction has become one of the most promising as-built construction
modeling methods for its high cost-efficiency and outstanding performance. However, the …

The development and use of underground space is a necessity for most cities in response to
rapid urbanisation. Effective underground land administration is critical for sustainable urban …

This paper presents the design and implementation of the cadastral system extension for
registration of 3D rights and restrictions in the Netherlands fitting within the ISO 19152, Land …

This article reports on the first 3D cadastral registration in The Netherlands, accomplished in
March 2016. The solution was sought within the current cadastral, organisational, and …

The ways society use and occupy space occur in multiple dimensions; however, the ways
we manage and administer space relies on two-dimensional information representations …

This article describes a research project that realised a national standard for 3D geo-
information. The standard was developed as part of a pilot in which more than 65 private …