During certain hypersonic flight regimes, shock heating of air creates a plasma sheath,
resulting in telemetry attenuation or blackout. The severity of the signal attenuation is …

Abstract The United States, Russia, and China are developing an array of hypersonic
weapons—maneuverable vehicles that carry warheads through the atmosphere at more …

Spacecraft entering a planetary atmosphere are surrounded by a plasma layer containing
high levels of ionization, due to the extreme temperatures in the shock layer. The high …

A procedure for the modeling and analysis of radio communication blackout of hypersonic
vehicles is presented. The weakly ionized plasma generated around the surface of a …

The plasma sheath communication blackout issue for hypersonic or reentry vehicles is
addressed from a channel characteristic perspective. Different from previous research, this …

When a hypersonic vehicle reenters the Earth's atmosphere, plasma sheath generated by its
collision with ambient air affects the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. To understand …

In this paper, we present a rigorous numerical approach for the electromagnetic (EM)
analyses of a hypersonic object with plasma sheath. First, the effective EM parameters of the …

This paper investigates the dynamic effects of the reentry plasma sheath on electromagnetic
wave propagation from the viewpoint of communication. Both the spatial turbulence and the …

Supersonic vehicles are surrounded by a plasma layer which produces a cutoff layer for
electromagnetic waves. Methods to remove the layer by gas releases, dc magnetic fields …

The accuracy and sensitivity of plasma generation predicted by several different chemical
kinetics models is investigated in the context of weakly ionized hypersonic flowfields around …