This paper is a review that surveys work on the fabrication of miniature alkali vapor cells for
miniature and chip-scale atomic clocks. Technology on microelectromechanical systems …

We demonstrate a vapor-cell atomic-clock prototype based on a continuous-wave
interrogation and double-modulation coherent population trapping (DM-CPT) technique …

We describe a high-performance optical frequency reference based on dual-frequency sub-
Doppler spectroscopy (DFSDS) using a Cs vapor microfabricated cell and an external-cavity …

We demonstrate a high-performance coherent-population-trapping (CPT) Cs vapor cell
atomic clock using the push-pull optical pumping technique in the pulsed regime, allowing …

We report a high-performance pulsed coherent population trapping (CPT) Cs cell atomic
clock using the implementation of a symmetric auto-balanced Ramsey (SABR) interrogation …

The Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards: Recent Developments, Second
Edition, covers advances in atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks) from the last several …

Vapor-cell atomic clocks are widely appreciated for their excellent short-term fractional
frequency stability and their compactness. However, they are known to suffer on medium …

Coherent manipulation of atomic states is highly desirable in numerous applications
spanning from fundamental physics to metrology. In this study, we propose and …

We report on Doppler-free laser spectroscopy in a Cs vapor cell using a dual-frequency
laser system tuned on the Cs D_1 line. Using counter-propagating beams with crossed …

A cold-atom coherent population trapping clock based on σ+− σ− interrogation realized by
counter-propagating optical fields of opposite circular polarization is presented. The …