E-waste management has become a global concern because of the enormous rise in the
rate of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment's (EEEs). Disposal of waste EEE …

There is a growing demand for advancing products and renewable technologies worldwide
that rely on rare earth elements (REEs), including those directly necessary for a low-carbon …

Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global
production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by …

The global transition to a circular economy calls for research and development on
technologies facilitating sustainable resource recovery from wastes and by-products. Metal …

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are essential in the development of novel high-tech
applications. They are essential in sustainable materials and green technologies, including …

The wealth of the society depends on several metals, including base metals, precious
metals and increasingly rare earth elements (REE). They are collectively termed as …

The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has significantly increased due to their
indispensable uses in integrated circuits of modern technology. However, due to the …

The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) are the globally
recognized hazardous material, though containing a full spectrum of valuable and critical …

Pollution by end-of-life electronics is a rapid ever-increasing threat and is a universal
concern with production of million metric tons of these wastes per annum. Electronic wastes …

Purpose A large proportion of the environmental impacts of a technology is determined by
decisions made at the early development stages. Therefore, effective approaches to grasp …