Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

Abstract The Proterozoic Eon spans Earth's middle age during which many important
transitions occurred. These transitions include the oxygenation of the atmosphere …

The global biosphere is commonly assumed to have been less productive before the rise of
complex eukaryotic ecosystems than it is today. However, direct evidence for this assertion …

Abstract The Proterozoic Eon hosted the emergence and initial recorded diversification of
eukaryotes. Oxygen levels in the shallow marine settings critical to these events were lower …

The relationship between oxygen and evolution of early eukaryotes including algae and
primitive animals in geological history has been debated, partly due to the varying estimates …

Phosphorus sets the pace of marine biological productivity on geological time scales.
Recent estimates of Precambrian phosphorus levels suggest a severe deficit of this …

Global warming, widespread oceanic anoxia and stagnation, and large perturbations of the
global carbon cycle characterized the end-Permian to Middle Triassic interval. Nitrogen …

Low sulfate, euxinic water-column conditions were a common feature of many Precambrian
and Phanerozoic periods of ocean anoxia. The cycling of phosphorus in anoxic marine …

Earth's marine nitrogen cycle has co-evolved with life and redox conditions over geological
time. In this Review, we provide an account of nitrogen cycling in the world's oceans over the …

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient essential to all living organisms and its availability in
Precambrian oceans may have played an important role in the early evolution and …