Abstract Interactions among the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans through ocean–
atmosphere coupling can initiate and/or modulate climate variability. The Pacific Ocean is …

The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

Rainfall on Earth is most intense in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a narrow belt
of clouds centred on average around six degrees north of the Equator. The mean position of …

In tropical regions, particularly in Central and South America (CSA), the projections of
climate seasonality under climate change are still uncertain. This is especially true for …

The common explanation for the progression of the rainy season over Africa is the seasonal
excursion of the ITCZ. The ITCZ paradigm stems from a time when tropical rainfall was …

Abstract Purpose of Review The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a planetary-scale
band of heavy precipitation close to the equator. Here, we consider the response of the ITCZ …

Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs)
and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large‐scale constraints on the …

We analyse the ability of CMIP3 and CMIP5 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation
models (CGCMs) to simulate the tropical Pacific mean state and El Niño-Southern …

Excessive precipitation over the southeastern tropical Pacific is a major common bias that
persists through generations of global climate models. While recent studies suggest an …

Tropical Biases in CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble: The Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold
Tongue and Double ITCZ Problems in: Journal of Climate Volume 27 Issue 4 (2014) Jump …