As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a compound involved in some mammalian reactions and
processes. It modulates and signals the redox metabolism of cells by acting as a messenger …

A large body of literature supports the idea that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling
contributes to not only immunity, but also inflammation, cancer, and nervous system function …

Astaxanthin (AST) is a potent lipid-soluble keto-carotenoid with auspicious effects on human
health. It protects organisms against a wide range of diseases with excellent safety and …

Remarkable interest has risen in the idea that oxidative/nitrosative stress is mediated in the
etiology of numerous human diseases. Oxidative/Nitrosative stress is the result of an …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of …

Redox biological reactions are now accepted to bear the Janus faceted feature of promoting
both physiological signaling responses and pathophysiological cues. Endogenous …

Inflammation is an important process of human healing response, wherein the tissues
respond to injuries induced by many agents including pathogens. It is characterized by pain …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox
metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H2O2 is recognized as one of the main …

The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) modulates the activity of
transcription factors in bacteria (OxyR and PerR), lower eukaryotes (Yap1, Maf1, Hsf1 and …