A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

Turbulent mixing in the ocean exerts an important control on the rate and structure of the
overturning circulation. However, the balance of processes underpinning this mixing is …

Diapycnal mixing shapes the distribution of climatically important tracers, such as heat and
carbon, as these are carried by dense water masses in the ocean interior. Here, we analyze …

The statistics of intermittent ocean turbulence is the key link between physical understanding
of turbulence and its global implications. The log-normal distribution is the standard but …

We present a new, simple and physically motivated parameterization, based on the ratio of
Thorpe and Ozmidov scales, for the irreversible turbulent flux coefficient. Importantly …

Water-mass transformation by turbulent mixing is a key part of the deep-ocean overturning,
as it drives the upwelling of dense waters formed at high latitudes. Here, we quantify this …

A primary driver of deep-ocean mixing is breaking of internal tides generated via interactions
of barotropic tides with topography. It is important to understand how the energy conversion …

The emerging view of the abyssal circulation is that it is associated with bottom-enhanced
mixing, which results in downwelling in the stratified ocean interior and upwelling in a …

Global estimates are presented of the fraction q of wind-generated near-inertial wave power
available for local turbulent dissipation under the assumption that modes 1–3 propagate …

Mixing efficiency is an important turbulent flow property in fluid dynamics, whose variability
potentially affects the large‐scale ocean circulation. However, there are several confusing …