The term “original antigenic sin”(OAS) was first used in the 1960s to describe how one's first
exposure to influenza virus shapes the outcome of subsequent exposures to antigenically …

The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2
has spread rapidly in China, and has developed to be a Public Health Emergency of …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause annual seasonal human respiratory disease epidemics. In
addition, IAV have been implicated in occasional pandemics with inordinate health and …

Antibodies against viral pathogens represent promising therapeutic agents for the control of
infection, and their antiviral efficacy has been shown to require the coordinated function of …

The aim of candidate universal influenza vaccines is to provide broad protection against
influenza A and B viruses. Studies have demonstrated that broadly reactive antibodies …

The generation of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus is known
to confer potent protection against homologous infections. The majority of these antibodies …

Antibody responses against highly conserved epitopes on the stalk domain of influenza
virus hemagglutinin (HA) confer broad protection; however, such responses are limited. To …

It is evident that the emergence of infectious diseases, which have the potential for spillover
from animal reservoirs, pose an ongoing threat to global health. Zoonotic transmission …

The immunogenicity of current influenza virus vaccines is assessed by measuring an
increase of influenza virus-specific antibodies in a hemagglutination inhibition assay. This …

Background The continuing evolution of influenza viruses poses a challenge to vaccine
prevention, highlighting the need for a universal influenza vaccine. We evaluated the safety …