Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

The gut microbiota is essential to health and has recently become a target for live bacterial
cell biotherapies for various chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome, diabetes …

Generation, transformation, and utilization of organic molecules in support of cellular
differentiation, growth, and maintenance are basic tenets that define life. In eukaryotes …

Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative disease
characterized by α-synucleinopathy, which involves all districts of the brain-gut axis …

In recent years evidence has emerged that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are strongly
associated with the microbiome composition in the gut. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most …

The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis,
are a pressing concern for global mental health. Patterns of cannabis use are changing …

Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological
disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current …

The essential role of the brain in maintaining energy homeostasis has motivated the drive to
define the neural circuitry that integrates external and internal stimuli to enact appropriate …