Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by both genetic and
environmental factors. Smoking has been implicated as one of the most important extrinsic …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation
and subsequent proliferation of synovial tissues, which eventually leads to cartilage and …

ABSTRACT A soluble form of the interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is secreted upon T-cell
activation. Increased blood levels of sIL-2R occur in a variety of immunological diseases …

Cancer growth and development is associated with the stimulation of the innate immune
system, including enhanced interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) expression in immune cells and …

In recent years, difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) has attracted significant
attention from rheumatologists due to its poor treatment response and the persistent …

Aims: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a nanocarrier (polyethyleneimine [PEI]-
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle [SPIO]), composed of a core of iron oxide and a …

CD25 (α-chain of IL-2 receptor) on dendritic cells (DC) has been previously regarded as an
activation marker. DC that concomitantly express surface CD25 and co-stimulatory …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is an important cell-signaling component of the immune
system. Since its discovery over 20 years ago, much has been learned about its functions …

Introduction: Measuring soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) might be useful for diagnosis
and monitoring of immune-mediated diseases. The study investigated factors associated …

TNF-blocking strategies are widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Three
anti-TNF agents are registered for use in RA: etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab …