To cope with the reduced availability of O2 at high altitude, air-breathing vertebrates have
evolved myriad adjustments in the cardiorespiratory system to match tissue O2 delivery with …

▪ Abstract We use a comparative approach to examine some of the physiological traits that
make flight possible. Comparisons of related fliers and runners suggest that fliers generally …

Birds that fly at high altitudes must support vigorous exercise in oxygen-thin environments.
Here I discuss the characteristics that help high fliers sustain the high rates of metabolism …

Key points Mitochondrial function changes over time at high altitudes, but the potential
benefits of these changes for hypoxia resistance remains unclear. We used high‐altitude …

Vertebrates at high altitude are subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic
metabolism. O2 transport from the respiratory surfaces to tissues requires matching between …

The hypoxic and cold environment at high altitudes requires that small mammals sustain
high rates of O2 transport for exercise and thermogenesis while facing a diminished O2 …

At high-altitude, small mammals are faced with the energetic challenge of sustaining
thermogenesis and aerobic exercise in spite of the reduced O2 availability. Under conditions …

Bar-headed geese migrate over the Himalayas at up to 9000 m elevation, but it is unclear
how they sustain the high metabolic rates needed for flight in the severe hypoxia at these …

Abstract Analysis of variation in whole-animal performance can shed light on causal
connections between specific traits, integrated physiological capacities, and Darwinian …

Whether chronic hypoxia causes angiogenesis in skeletal muscle is controversial. Male
Wistar rats, 5–6 wk of age, were kept at constant 12% O2 for 3 wk, and frozen sections of …