This preregistered meta-analysis theoretically and empirically integrates the two research
strands on effort gains and effort losses in teams. Theoretically, we built on Shepperd's …

Although group work has the potential to both reduce and increase the effort expenditure of
its members, effort losses (ie, reduced effort in group-versus individual work) have long been …

Members of swimming relays often show effort gains in relays (ie, more effort and faster
swimming times in the relay vs. the individual competition). The weakest relay members …

Prior research showed that swimmers swim faster in relay than in individual competitions if
they start at later relay positions. This finding is typically explained via the swimmers' relay …

Members of sports teams often differ in their individual performance capabilities. While
numerous laboratory studies have shown that especially less capable members exhibit …

The study purpose was to investigate the effect of ability on effort within a sport-specific
conjunctive task. The hypothesis was that, compared to working alone, inferior team …

This study examined the moderating effects of efficacy beliefs and perceived indispensability
on individual efforts in early-season collegiate swimming relays. Effort changes from …

Background This study tested whether the motivation gain in groups is the result of social
compensation or the Köhler effect by examining scaled individual salaries of National …

Members of swimming relays often show effort gains in relays (ie, more effort and faster
swimming times in the relay versus the individual competition). The weakest relay members …

Bu araştırmada, genç sporcularda algılanan sosyal kaytarma ve sübjektif takım performansı
arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanarak, bu ilişkiye aracılık eden unsurun ve aracılık …