Uniquely among human senses, hearing is not simply a passive response to stimulation.
Our auditory system is instead enhanced by an active process in cochlear hair cells that …

In this paper we review the evidence that fetuses gestated with a male co-twin are
masculinized in development, perhaps due to the influence of prenatal androgens: the so …

This comprehensive introduction to the functions of the mammalian ear describes the major
steps by which sound is transformed into nerve impulses. The author leads the reader along …

A class of cochlear models which account for much of the characteristic variation with
frequency of human otoacoustic emissions and hearing threshold microstructure is …

A number of sex differences have been documented in the human auditory system. Females
as a group have greater hearing sensitivity, greater susceptibility to noise exposure at high …

High-resolution measurements of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) from
three different experimental paradigms are shown to be in agreement with the implications …

Mammalian spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) have been suggested to arise by
three different mechanisms. The local-oscillator model, dating back to the work of Thomas …

Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are echo-like waveforms emitted by normal-
hearing cochleas in response to a brief transient. CEOAEs are known to be stronger in …

Sex-steroid hormones are well-known regulators of vocal motor behavior in several
organisms. A large body of evidence now indicates that these same hormones modulate …

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) have become a commonly used clinical tool for assessing
cochlear health status, in particular, the integrity of the cochlear amplifier or motor …