Simple Summary Childhood cancers are mostly of unknown etiology and represent
devastating diagnoses. The clinical benefits of steadily increasing tumor control and survival …

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including those of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine
glioma), are pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Recognized as the most …

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are pediatric high-grade brain tumors in the thalamus,
midbrain, or pons; the latter subgroup are termed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) …

Malignant brain tumors rank among the most challenging type of malignancies to manage.
The current treatment protocol commonly entails surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or …

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibition through PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade has shown
efficacy in some adult malignancies and generated interest in pediatrics, including central …

Background Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including brainstem diffuse intrinsic pontine
glioma (DIPG), are incurable pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG). Mutations in the H3 …

Pediatric brain tumors represent the most common types of childhood cancer and novel
diagnostic and therapeutic solutions are urgently needed. The gold standard treatment …

It is well known that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) cannot encode proteins, but they can play
important regulatory roles in tumors by combining with proteins, RNAs, and DNAs. As more …

Background Immune-mediated therapies have transformed the treatment of metastatic
melanoma and renal, bladder, and both small and non-small cell lung carcinomas …

Simple Summary Cancerous cells acquire genetic mutations that can lead to changes in the
amino acid sequence of proteins. These altered amino acid sequences, or “neoantigens” …