Microneedles are a rapidly developing method for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic
compounds. All types of microneedles, whether solid, hollow, coated, or dissolving function …

Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases.
However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a …

Diabetic wound healing is one of the major challenges in the biomedical fields. The
conventional single drug treatments have unsatisfactory efficacy, and the drug delivery …

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a water-soluble polymer obtained by polymerization of
monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP is an inert, non-toxic, temperature-resistant, pH-stable …

Decentralized manufacture of thermostable mRNA vaccines in a microneedle patch (MNP)
format could enhance vaccine access in low-resource communities by eliminating the need …

Background Transdermal delivery has the advantage of bypassing the first-pass effect and
allowing sustained release of the drug. However, the drug delivery is limited owing to the …

Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems that mimic pancreatic endocrine function could
enhance health and improve quality of life for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with …

Background Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to global health as evidenced by Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and …

Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the
issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to …

Biologics—medications derived from a biological source—are increasingly used as
pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial …