Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

Abstract Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) remain an important, preventable cause of
mortality and morbidity. High-income countries have reported large reductions in NTDs …

Objective To provide updated information on the pre-and post-conception use of oral folic
acid with or without a multivitamin/micronutrient supplement for the prevention of neural tube …

Background: Suggestive findings of an earlier study that prenatal nutritional deficiency was a
determinant of schizophrenia prompted us to undertake a second test of the hypothesis …

To inform choices about the future of epidemiology, the present condition of epidemiology is
examined, in terms of its evolution through three eras, each demarcated by its own …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic
orofacial clefts in infants. METHODS: A meta-analysis of the association between maternal …

Neural tube closure takes place during early embryogenesis and requires interactions
between genetic and environmental factors. Failure of neural tube closure is a common …

Background Neural tube defects arise during the development of the brain and spinal cord.
Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the effects of increased consumption of …

ContextSeveral observational epidemiological studies report an association of pregnancy
and obstetric complications with development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in …

Birth defects (congenital anomalies) are the leading cause of death in babies under 1 year
of age. Neural tube defects (NTD), with a birth incidence of approximately 1/1000 in …