Humans continually face situations that require actions to achieve valued goals with
meaningful consequences at stake. Although the pursuit of such goals can be a negatively …

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (BPS) holds that during active goal
pursuit, psychological processes reliably lead to specific patterns of cardiovascular …

Despite common findings suggesting that lack of negative life events should be optimal,
recent work has revealed a curvilinear pattern, such that some cumulative lifetime adversity …

Challenge and threat states predict future performance; however, no research has examined
their immediate effect on motor task performance. The present study examined the effect of …

Aim Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent and significant cause of disability
which is often resistant to pharmacological management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging …

The present research examined the immediate impact of challenge and threat states on golf
performance in both real competition and a laboratory-based task. In Study 1, 199 …

Resilience is typically conceptualized as successful adaptation to serious negative life
events. Even relatively mundane stressors, however, require coping. Therefore, we argue …

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to ensure an adequate distribution of
blood flow throughout the body to meet the energy demands of active tissues, muscles, and …

Cardiovascular (CV) reactivity is proposed by both the Biopsychosocial Model and the
Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes to predict competitive performance. The …

Cardiovascular responses to challenge and threat have been used extensively in
psychophysiological research. In this meta-analysis, we scrutinized the body of evidence for …