The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has recently emerged as an alternative therapeutic target for
the development of pain medications, without deleterious side effects associated with the μ …

Recent studies have implicated chemokines in microglial activation and pathogenesis of
neuropathic pain. CXC motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is a B lymphocyte chemoattractant …

This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 …

Kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists represent alternative analgesics for their low abuse
potential, although relevant adverse effects have limited their clinical use. Functionally …

Bioactive compounds curcumin and resveratrol have been appointed to have potential for
prevention and treatment of several diseases, replacing synthetic compounds with limited …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Inflammatory skin diseases treatments currently used
cause adverse effects. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is used popularly as an anti …

Six new ionic-liquid-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (IL-APIs) were prepared and
their molecular structures characterized. Solubility and thermal properties was determined …

Central neuropathic pain is the main symptom caused by spinal cord lesion in relapsing-
remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but its management is still not effective. The transient …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Popular medicine use stems of Philodendron
bipinnatifidum (Araceae) in inflammation cases, such as in erysipelas, as well as orchitis …

Pain is the most common complaint in the medical field and the identification of novel
compounds that can effectively treat painful states without causing side effects remains a …