BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists
regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad …

Tooth enamel secreted by ameloblasts (AMs) is the hardest material in the human body,
acting as a shield to protect the teeth. However, the enamel is gradually damaged or …

Objective This review aimed to present an overview of the effect of bone morphogenetic
protein 4 (BMP4) on craniofacial and skeletal development, particularly the specific role of …

Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is a member of a small
family of multifunctional cell surface-anchored glycoproteins functioning as co-receptors for …

The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) contains minerals deposited on highly crosslinked
collagen fibrils and hundreds of non-collagenous proteins. Some of these proteins are key to …

WNT/β‐catenin and BMP signaling pathways play important roles in the process of tooth
development. Dysregulation of WNT/β‐catenin and BMP signaling is implicated in a number …

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is characterized by deficiency of growth
hormone and at least one other pituitary hormone. Pathogenic variants in more than 30 …

Deciduous tooth agenesis is a severe craniofacial developmental defect because it affects
masticatory function from infancy and may result in delayed growth and development. Here …

Background SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystem disorder caused by
mutation of human SATB2 gene. Tooth agenesis is one of the most common phenotypes …

The success rate of oral implants is lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than in
nondiabetic subjects; functional impairment of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem …