Background This review focuses on exosomes derived from various cancer cells. The review
discusses the possibility of differentiating macrophages in alternatively activated anti …

Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest
foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes …

Emerging evidence indicates a fundamental role for the epigenome in immunity. Here, we
mapped the epigenomic and transcriptional landscape of immunity to influenza vaccination …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is majorly associated with dysregulation of the dynamic cross-talk
among microbial metabolites, intestinal epithelial cells, and macrophages. Several studies …

Macrophages are innate immune cells that adhere to the extracellular matrix within tissues.
However, how matrix properties regulate their function remains poorly understood. Here, we …

Abnormal activation of the gut mucosal immune system and a highly dysregulated gut
microbiota play essential roles in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The …

Background Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has received more and more attentions,
because it possesses a lot of beneficial, life-preserving effects in the fields of clinical science …

Recent evidence from cancer research indicates that lactate exerts a suppressive effect on
innate immune responses in cancer. This study investigated the mechanisms by which …

Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional
changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response …

Dietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota
composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual …