Depression is caused by a change in neural activity resulting from an increase in glutamate
that drives excitatory neurons and may be responsible for the decline in the activity and …

Background Bipolar disorder phenomenologically is a biphasic disorder of energy
availability; increased in mania and decreased in depression. In consort, there is …

Bipolar disorder (BD), one of the most debilitating mental disorders, is associated with
increased morbidity and mortality. Lithium is the first line of treatment option for BD and is …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region that mediates affect and cognition by
connecting the frontal cortex to limbic structures, has been consistently implicated in the …

The exact neurobiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD) remain unknown. However,
some neurometabolites could be implicated, including Glutamate (Glu), Glutamine (Gln) …

Women are under-represented in research on suicidality to date. Although women have a
lower rate of suicide completion than men, due in part to the less-violent methods used, they …

Strong evidence implicates intracellular signaling cascades dysfunction in the
pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Regulation of AKT/mTOR pathway is a critical …

Background Lithium is the lightest metal and the only mood stabilizer that has been used for
over half a century for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). As a small ion, lithium is …

Ketamine, an antagonist of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors, has produced rapid
antidepressant effects in patients with depression, as well as in animal models. However …

Neuropsychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and …