Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in
dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms …

Redox dysfunctions and neuro-oxidative stress play a major role in the pathophysiology and
progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Glutathione (GSH) and the reduced/oxidized …

Cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors cause persistent decrease of cerebral blood
flow, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the major foundation of vascular cognitive …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized
neuropathologically by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, intracellular …

The discovery of the central role played by the protein alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's
disease and other Lewy body brain disorders has had a great relevance in the …

Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and
inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed …

Reactive oxygen species are generated as a by-product of routine biochemical reactions.
However, dysfunction of the antioxidant system or mutations in gene function may result in …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the loss
of dopaminergic neurons within the nigral-striatal pathway. Multiple lines of evidence …

Mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is not just a consequence but a vital
contributor to the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia in …

NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to several pathogenic conditions, including
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior characterized by reduced mobility and …