Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
However, human health risk assessment of PFAS currently relies on animal toxicity data …

This paper summarizes current challenges, the potential use of novel scientific
methodologies, and ways forward in the risk assessment and risk management of mixtures …

The number of anthropogenic chemicals, manufactured, by-products, metabolites and
abiotically formed transformation products, counts to hundreds of thousands, at present …

Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of
chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises …

This paper reviews regulatory requirements and recent case studies to illustrate how the risk
assessment (RA) of chemical mixtures is conducted, considering both the effects on human …

Abstract Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure to
environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are …

Background The widespread application of pesticides in agricultural production often leads
to the occurrence of multiple pesticide residues in food, which have the potential to …

The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modelling of mixtures is not as simple
as that for individual chemicals, and it needs additional care to avoid overestimation of the …

Abstract Plant-based 1, 2-unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) can be found as
contaminants in foods like teas, herbs and honey. PAs are responsible for liver genotoxicity …

This paper reviews key elements in the assessment of human health effects from combined
exposure to multiple chemicals taking into consideration current knowledge and challenges …