The astrophysics of the cosmic dawn, when star formation commenced in the first collapsed
objects, is predicted to be revealed by spectral and spatial signatures in the cosmic radio …

Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen have provided several upper
limits on the 21-cm power spectrum and a tentative detection of the sky-averaged signal at …

Cosmic dawn, the onset of star formation in the early universe, can in principle be studied
via the 21-cm transition of neutral hydrogen, for which a sky-averaged absorption signal …

SARAS is an ongoing experiment aiming to detect the redshifted global 21-cm signal
expected from Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Standard …

The early Universe, spanning 400 000 to 400 million years after the big bang (z≈ 1100–11),
has been left largely unexplored as the light from luminous objects is too faint to be …

PRATUSH–Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen–is a
proposed cosmology experiment to detect the global red-shifted 21-cm signal from the …

In the currently accepted model for cosmic baryon evolution, Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the
Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are significant times when first light from the first luminous …

The H i 21 cm global signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR)
offers critical insights into the evolution of our Universe. Yet, its detection presents significant …

Measuring the redshifted sky-averaged neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal with a wide-band
antenna operating at metre wavelengths can probe the thermal history of the Universe and …

Abstract Log‐Periodic Dipole Antennas have been known to provide good performance over
large fractional bandwidths. However, optimized designs of log‐periodic antennas, in …