SUMMARY A large amount of knowledge has been acquired since the original descriptions
of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. The …

Abstract In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B.
afzelii, B. garinii and the recently described species B. spielmanii. For the development of …

In a study of US patients with Lyme disease, immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibody
responses to recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi antigen VlsE1 (rVlsE1), IgG responses to a …

For the diagnosis of Lyme disease, the 2-tier serologic testing protocol for Lyme disease has
a number of shortcomings including low sensitivity in early disease; increased cost, time …

Background. Lyme disease (LD) antibody testing currently involves a 2-tiered algorithm with
a whole-cell sonicate (WCS) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), followed by IgM/IgG Western …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, has cholesterol and cholesterol-glycolipids
that are essential for bacterial fitness, are antigenic, and could be important in mediating …

Humans and other animals with Lyme borreliosis produce antibodies to a number of
components of the agent Borrelia burgdorferi, but a full accounting of the immunogens …

Antigenic variation is defined as a hereditable, reversible variation in an antigenic structure
that occurs during the course of infection at a rate higher than would be expected for …

In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is caused by at least three species, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto,
B. afzelii and B. garinii. Thus microbiological diagnosis in European patients must consider …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme borreliosis, is predominantly transmitted
by Ixodes ticks. Spirochetes have developed many strategies to adapt to the different …