The photoexcitation life cycle from incident photon (and creation of photoexcited electron–
hole pair) to ultimate extraction of electrical current is a complex multiphysics process …

Hot charge carriers in graphene exhibit fascinating physical phenomena, whose
understanding has improved greatly over the past decade. They have distinctly different …

The electron–hole plasma in charge-neutral graphene is predicted to realize a quantum
critical system in which electrical transport features a universal hydrodynamic description …

The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in hydrodynamic effects in interacting
electron systems in ultra-pure materials. One such material, graphene, is not only an …

Optical-to-electrical conversion in graphene is a central phenomenon for realizing
anticipated ultrafast and low-power-consumption information technologies. However …

The “flow” of electric currents and heat in standard metals is diffusive with electronic motion
randomized by impurities. However, for ultraclean metals, electrons can flow like water with …

Fermi liquids respond differently to perturbations depending on whether their frequency is
higher (collisionless regime) or lower (hydrodynamic regime) than the interparticle collision …

The most recognizable feature of graphene's electronic spectrum is its Dirac point, around
which interesting phenomena tend to cluster. At low temperatures, the intrinsic behaviour in …

In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near
the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here …

Electrons in metals and semiconductors are often naively described as little balls bouncing
around, much like atoms or molecules in dilute gases. That description, sketched in figure 1 …