Chemical gardens are perhaps the best example in chemistry of a self-organizing
nonequilibrium process that creates complex structures. Many different chemical systems …

Pattern formation is a frequent phenomenon in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials
science. Bottom-up pattern formation usually occurs in the interaction of the transport …

Urban-type PM 2.5-fraction aerosol samples were collected and samples of pure
atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) were isolated from them. Atmospheric …

Traveling precipitation waves, including counterrotating spiral waves, are observed in the
precipitation reaction of AlCl3 with NaOH [Volford, A.; et al. Langmuir 2007, 23, 961− 964] …

Propagating precipitation waves are a remarkable form of spatiotemporal behavior that arise
through the coupling of reaction, diffusion, and precipitation. We study a system with a …

Most deep-sea fish have a single visual pigment maximally sensitive at short wavelengths,
approximately matching the spectrum of both downwelling sunlight and bioluminescence …

While many things around us are designed, most of them, such as living beings or
snowflakes, are formed spontaneously. The science of pattern formation deals with the …

Simple inorganic reactions in gels, such as Na O H+ Cu Cl 2⁠, Na O H+ Ag NO 3⁠, and Cu
Cl 2+ K 3 [Fe (CN) 6]⁠, can yield to various precipitation patterns. The first compound …

Sodium hydroxide solution was allowed to diffuse from the edge of an acidic poly (vinyl
alcohol) gel sheet containing dissolved calcium and phosphate ions, and calcium …

A general three-dimensional model for propagating precipitation waves is presented.
Structural features identified in experimental studies of propagating waves in the AlCl …