Abstract γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter released at
GABAergic synapses, mediating fast-acting phasic inhibition. Emerging lines of evidence …

In the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about GABA A receptor (GABA AR)
subtypes, and which behaviors are regulated or which drug effects are mediated by each …

Regulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity by stress is a
fundamental survival mechanism and HPA-dysfunction is implicated in psychiatric disorders …

Despite our ever-changing environment, animals are remarkably adept at selecting courses
of action that are predictive of optimal outcomes. While requiring the contribution of a …

GABAA receptors form the major class of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the
mammalian brain. This review sets out to summarize the evidence that variations in genes …

The basal ganglia are key neural substrates not only for motor function, but also cognitive
functions including reward and aversive learning. Critical for these processes are the …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has a central role in the mechanism of action of drugs of
abuse. The major neuronal type within the NAc is the GABAergic medium spiny neuron …

Women are more sensitive to cocaine craving elicited by stimuli associated with relapse.
Ovarian hormones modulate cocaine craving and may therefore function as risk factors or …

Nicotine addiction is highly prevalent in current society and is often comorbid with other
diseases. In the central nervous system, nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic …

Studies in the 1980s revealed endogenous metabolites of progesterone and
deoxycorticosterone to be potent, efficacious, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the …