Like other senses, our perception of time is not veridical, but rather, is modulated by
changes in environmental context. Anecdotal experiences suggest that emotions can be …

The ability to make predictions based on stored information is a general coding strategy. A
Prediction-Error (PE) is a mismatch between expected and current events. It was proposed …

The original concept of consolidation considers that memory requires time to be fixed. Since
2000, a comparable protein-dependent re-stabilization phase, called reconsolidation, has …

Unpredictable environments can be anxiety-provoking and elicit exaggerated emotional
responses to aversive stimuli. Even neutral stimuli, when presented in an unpredictable …

The processing of temporal intervals is essential to create causal maps and to predict future
events so as to best adapt one's behavior. In this review, we explore the different brain …

Fear acquisition manifests in the development of conditioned fear responses (CRs),
whereas a decrement in CRs as a consequence of unconditioned stimulus (UCS) omission …

Pavlovian fear or threat conditioning, where a neutral stimulus takes on aversive properties
through pairing with an aversive stimulus, has been an important tool for exploring the …

Extant literature suggests that extinction training delivered during the memory
reconsolidation period is superior to traditional extinction training in the reduction of fear …

The reconsolidation process is the mechanism by which strength and/or content of
consolidated memories are updated. Prediction error (PE) is the difference between the …

Pavlovian aversive conditioning requires learning of the association between a conditioned
stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned, aversive stimulus (US) but also involves encoding the …