It is an article of faith among biochemists and molecular biologists that precious enzymes
must be stored on ice. The usual reason given is that, at temperatures around freezing …

The Root effect describes an extreme pH sensitivity expressed in the hemoglobins of certain
fish, in which it plays a unique physiological role. This review describes our general …

There is an apparent paradox in our understanding of molecular evolution. Current
biochemically based models predict that evolutionary trees should not be recoverable for …

Transport of oxygen from the environment to cells and transport of metabolically produced
carbon dioxide and H+ in the opposite direction are essential for vertebrate life. Hemoglobin …

Expression of multiple hemoglobin isoforms with differing physiochemical properties likely
helps species adapt to different environmental and physiological conditions. Antarctic …

Structure-based sequence alignment of 728 sequences of different globin subfamilies
shows that in each subfamily there are two clusters of consensually conserved residues. The …

Tetrameric hemoglobins are the most widely used systems in studying protein cooperativity.
Allosteric effects in hemoglobins arise from the switch between a relaxed (R) state and a …

We have determined the structure of deoxyhaemoglobin from the antarctic fishPagothenia
bernacchiiat pH 6.2 to a resolution of 2.2 Å with X-ray data from a twinned crystal …

We have determined the crystal structure of bar-headed goose haemoglobin in the oxy form
to a resolution of 2.0 Å. TheR-factor of the model is 19.8%. The structure is similar to human …

The remarkable ability of Root effect haemoglobins to pump oxygen against high O2
gradients results from extreme, acid-induced reductions in O2 affinity and cooperativity. The …