Pandemic influenza virus has its origins in avian influenza viruses. The highly pathogenic
avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 is already panzootic in poultry, with attendant economic …

A highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has crossed the species barrier to cause
deaths in humans in Asia and poses an increasing threat of a pandemic. These infections …

Background An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H7N7 started
at the end of February, 2003, in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands. Although the …

Background Micro-organisms transmitted from vertebrate animals–including livestock–to
humans account for an estimated 60% of human pathogens. Micro-organisms can be …

Background Recent outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in poultry throughout Asia have
had major economic and health repercussions. Human infections with this virus were …

The 1918 influenza pandemic was a catastrophic series of virus outbreaks that spread
across the globe. Here, we show that only a modest change in the 1918 influenza …

Seasonal influenza is an annual occurrence, but it is the threat of pandemics that produces
universal concern. Recurring reports of avian influenza viruses severely affecting humans …

The world had been anticipating another influenza pandemic since the last one in 1968. The
pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus (A/2009/H1N1) finally arrived, causing the first …

Understanding interactions between animals and humans is critical in preventing outbreaks
of zoonotic disease. This is particularly important for avian influenza. Food animal …

Abstract Influenza A (H5N1) is endemic in poultry across much of Southeast Asia, but limited
information exists on the distinctive features of the few human cases. In Thailand, we …