Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyse the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and
cyclic GMP, thereby regulating the intracellular concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides …

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an integral part in the pathophysiology of asthma. It is
responsible for acute bronchoconstriction, which is potentiated by constrictor …

By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their …

Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype
characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment …

Asthma is a respiratory disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental
factors. The adenylyl cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) enzyme produces the cyclic …

Background Genetic variation in the β 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene has been
thought to have an important role in the differential response to β 2-agonist therapy for …

Short‐acting β2‐adrenergic receptor agonists are commonly used bronchodilators for
symptom relief in asthmatics. Recent evidence demonstrated that prolonged exposure of …

Art. 1.1475/ringraziamenti Page 1 European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
Abstract. – OBJECTIVES: Nasal polyposis is chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa …

Purpose Phosphodiesterase (PDE) terminates the signaling pathway of myometrial
relaxation by degradating cAMP to the inactive 5′-AMP. The PDE4 family is one of the most …

Angiogenesis, the biological process of new vessel growth from already existing
vasculature, occurs physiologically and pathologically. Previous studies have linked …