Following nature's design principles, biological entities have evolved to be highly efficient
and multifunctional to maximize all the available materials and structures and to survive in …

The proper organization of cells and tissues is essential for their functionalization in living
organisms. To create materials that mimic natural structures, researchers have developed …

Biological materials relied on multiple synergistic structural design elements typically exhibit
excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Hierarchical incorporation of different …

Glasses have numerous applications because of their exceptional transparency and
stiffness; however, poor fracture, impact resistance, and mechanical reliability limit the range …

Mantis shrimps use their dactyl club to strike multiple high-velocity impacts against stiff and
hard surfaces. To sustain the loads and dissipate energy, their club has evolved a complex …

Materials combining optical transparency and mechanical strength are highly demanded for
electronic displays, structural windows and in the arts, but the oxide-based glasses currently …

Structural biological materials are multiphase composite materials in nature. Their
mechanical properties are extraordinary despite their weak constituents. This review aims to …

The integration of traditional “brick-and-mortar” structure with graphene additives
demonstrates remarkable efficiency for enhancing the toughness of metal matrix …

Natural materials such as nacre, collagen, and spider silk are composed of staggered stiff
and strong inclusions in a softer matrix. This type of hybrid microstructure results in …

The materials chosen to make thermal engines, spacecrafts, or human implants cannot fail
in an unpredictable way to guarantee the users' well-being. These applications can benefit …