The immune system continuously modulates the balance between responsiveness to
pathogens and tolerance to non‐harmful antigens. The mechanisms that mediate tolerance …

Tryptophan (Trp) requirements in pregnancy are several-fold:(1) the need for increased
protein synthesis by mother and for fetal growth and development;(2) serotonin (5-HT) for …

INTRODUCTION Riboswitches and attenuators are cis-regulatory RNA elements (ribo-
regulators), which in most cases control bacterial gene expression via ligand-mediated …

Regulation of gene expression by premature termination of transcription, or transcription
attenuation, is a common regulatory strategy in bacteria. Various mechanisms of regulating …

Covering 2000. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2001, 18, 334 This review covers the
literature published during 2000 on the biosynthesis of compounds derived wholly or partly …

Mucosal and barrier tissues are unique in that they mediate crosstalk between the host and
the surrounding environment, which contains many potentially harmful factors. Therefore, it …

The shikimate pathway has been described as a metabolic tree with many branches that led
to the synthesis of an extensive range of products. This pathway is present only in bacteria …

The T box mechanism is widely used in Gram-positive bacteria to regulate expression of
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes and genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and …

The T-box mechanism is a common regulatory strategy used for modulating the expression
of genes of amino acid metabolism-related operons in gram-positive bacteria, especially …

Survival and replication of most bacteria require the ability to synthesize the amino acid l-
tryptophan whenever it is not available from the environment. In this article we describe the …