Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that
belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is
involved in a vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important throughout …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development
and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways are ubiquitous and
essential regulators of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration …

The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells
(osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones …

BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists
regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad …

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant human disorder of
bone formation that causes developmental skeletal defects and extensive debilitating bone …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue …

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare and disabling genetic condition of
congenital skeletal malformations and progressive heterotopic ossification (HO), is the most …

Human disorders of hereditary and nonhereditary heterotopic ossification are conditions in
which osteogenesis occurs outside of the skeleton, within soft tissues of the body. The …