Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotic cells. It plays a
critical role in cellular homeostasis by delivering cytoplasmic cargos to lysosomes for …

Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are
associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene …

Autophagy is a highly dynamic and multi-step process, regulated by many functional protein
units. Here, we have built up a comprehensive and up-to-date annotated gene list for the …

HACE1 is a member of the HECT domain-containing E3 ligases with 909 amino acid
residues, containing N-terminal ankyrin-repeats (ANK) and C-terminal HECT domain …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein …

Rotenone is one of the most widely used insecticide and pisicides in the US and around the
world. Epidemiological evidences suggest that rotenone exposure may be a risk factor for …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of the
Parkinson's disease (PD), an age related-neurodegenerative disorder. The aim of present …

The basal ganglia (BG) include structures pivotal for motor and cognitive functions. Such
structures are affected in neurodegenerative disorders and toxic or ischemic insults. The …

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are primarily formed during cooking of meat at high
temperature. HCAs have been extensively studied as mutagens and possible carcinogens …

Protein homeostasis or proteostasis is an equilibrium of biosynthetic production, folding and
transport of proteins, and their timely and efficient degradation. Proteostasis is guaranteed …