Background Diagnostic strategies employed for cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
rhinorrhea vary widely due to limited evidence‐based guidance. Methods A systematic …

CSF is an ultrafiltrate of plasma or serum, which contains electrolytes, glucose, and proteins.
Located in the cerebral ventricles and cranial/spinal subarachnoid space, this fluid serves in …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are characterized by the egress of CSF from the
intracranial cavity through an osteodural disruption between the subarachnoid space and a …

Aims: CSF leaks are not uncommon after a base of skull fracture. Currently there is no
standardised algorithm for the investigation and management of post-traumatic CSF leaks …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Defects at the skull base leading to spontaneous CSF
rhinorrhea are rare lesions. The purpose of our study was to correlate CT and MR findings …

A skull base cerebrospinal (CSF) leak or fistula is an abnormal communication of the sterile
subarachnoid space with the sinonasal or tympanomastoid cavities, and presents clinically …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs due to a defect in the dura and skull base. Trauma
remains the most common cause of CSF leak; however, a significant number of cases are …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea results from abnormal communications
between the subarachnoid and sinonasal spaces. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea occurs due to communication between the intracranial
subarachnoid space and the sinonasal mucosa. It could be due to trauma, raised …

Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D CISS) is a steady-state
gradient-echo sequence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that has been used in an …