The CO 2 concentration of air has increased over the last two centuries and recently
surpassed 400 ppm. Carbon cycle models project CO 2 concentrations of 720 to 1000 ppm …

Rising atmospheric CO2 is causing the oceans to both warm and acidify, which could
reduce the calcification rates of corals globally. Successful coral recruitment and high rates …

Potassium (K) participates in coral biological activities and accumulates in their skeletons,
driving the fractionation of stable K isotopes (41 K/39 K). Constraining the influences of biotic …

This study tested the interactive effects of increased seawater temperature and CO 2 partial
pressure (p CO 2) on the photochemistry, bleaching, and early growth of the reef coral …

Ocean acidification is perceived to be a major threat for many calcifying organisms,
including scleractinian corals. Here, we investigate (1) whether past exposure to low pH …

Corals build their skeletons using extracellular calcifying fluid located in the tissue–skeleton
interface. However, the mechanism by which corals control the transport of calcium and …

Studies of coral colonies show that ocean acidification and temperature can affect
calcification; however, less is known about the consequences for their populations …

Light-enhanced calcification of reef-building corals, which eventually create vast coral reefs,
is well known and based on coral-algal symbiosis. Several controversial hypotheses have …

Since 2008, we have been conducting a series of coral-rearing experiments, mainly at the
Sesoko Station of the Tropical Biosphere Research Center at the University of the Ryukyus …

As anthropogenic climate change is an ongoing concern, scientific investigations on its
impacts on coral reefs are increasing. Although impacts of combined ocean acidification …