Transportation infrastructures suffer major damage from ice and snow each year, negatively
affecting the US economy. Bridges, a key element of the transportation network, are the most …

Electrically conductive concrete (ECON) heated pavement system (HPS) is a newly
developed clean technology to reduce the use of polluting chemicals for removal of snow …

As abrasives and deicer products are widely used for snow and ice control, the past decade
has seen increased concerns over the detrimental impacts on the surrounding environment …

Anti-icing/de-icing salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and
magnesium chloride (MgCl2), are commonly used to maintain safe road conditions during …

Road salt (NaCl) is used predominantly across the state for winter road anti-icing (as brine)
and de-icing (as a solid) operations. Road salt is used because it is inexpensive and …

Each year, ice and snow adversely impact US transportation infrastructure during the cold
season, causing an extensive impact on the US economy. Bridges are key elements in the …

Gate electrification provides electricity and preconditioned air to stationary aircraft at airport
gates as an alternative to the use of auxiliary power units (APU). This includes a …

Every winter, road salts and brine are applied to roadways across New York State to keep
people safe whilst behind the wheel, preventing the build up of ice and snow. Once this all …