Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

Inflammatory processes and microglia activation accompany most of the pathophysiological
diseases in the central nervous system. It is proven that glial pathology precedes and even …

Causes of mortality from COVID‐19 include respiratory failure, heart failure, and
sepsis/multiorgan failure. TLR4 is an innate immune receptor on the cell surface that …

Cell function and activity are regulated through integration of signaling, epigenetic,
transcriptional, and metabolic pathways. Here, we introduce INs-seq, an integrated …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to
infection and cellular stress, and are crucial for the activation of inflammatory caspases and …

Microglia maintain brain homeostasis by removing neuron-derived components such as
myelin and cell debris. The evidence linking microglia to neurodegenerative diseases is …