Shock waves exist throughout the Universe and are fundamental to understanding the
nature of collisionless plasmas. Reformation is a process, driven by microphysics, which …

In this paper, we use a 1D particle-in-cell simulation code to study particle preaccelerations
at a high Mach number perpendicular shock. Our simulation results show that almost all of …

Astrophysical shocks, such as planetary bow shocks or supernova remnant shocks, are
often in the high or very-high Mach number regime, and the structure of such shocks is …

ABSTRACT Voyager 2 (V2) observed multiple crossings of the heliospheric termination
shock (TS) on 2007 August 31–September 1 at a distance of 84 AU from the Sun. Here, for …

Collisionless shocks vary drastically from terrestrial to astrophysical regimes resulting in
radically different characteristics. This poses two complexities. First, separating the …

Collisionless shocks in space plasma are regions of heating and acceleration of charged
particles and dissipation of kinetic energy. These accelerated particles are the source of …

Uranus and Neptune were explored in situ with flybys of the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986
and 1989, respectively, with the closest approach to Uranus on 24 January 1986 and to …

We carry out two-dimensional global particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction between
the solar wind and a dipole field to study the formation of the bow shock and …

New Horizons did not carry a magnetometer, so there is no direct way to know the strength
of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) at the time of the flyby. Using a hybrid model …

It is well understood that Earth's foreshock radiation is due to the bow shock deflecting the
solar wind and accelerating electrons upstream into the foreshock where they produce …