Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are two closely related neuropeptides, widely known for
their peripheral hormonal effects. Specific receptors have also been found in the brain …

Abstract Na+/K+-pump is an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase located in the outer
plasma membrane of cells. The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out of cells while …

TRPV1 receptors feature prominently in nociception of spinal primary afferents but are also
expressed in unmyelinated cranial visceral primary afferents linked to homeostatic …

The last 100 years witnessed a rapid and progressive development of the body of
knowledge concerning the neural control of the cardiovascular system in health and …

It is now well established that brain plasticity is an inherent property not only of the
developing but also of the adult brain. Numerous beneficial effects of exercise, including …

Several modes of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval and recycling have been identified. In a
well-established mode of exocytosis, termed 'full-collapse fusion', vesicles empty their …

Cranial visceral afferents activate central pathways that mediate systemic homeostatic
processes. Afferent information arrives in the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) …

Cranial visceral afferents travel via the solitary tract (ST) to contact neurons within the ST
nucleus (NTS) and activate homeostatic reflexes. Hypothalamic projections from the …

Brainstem A2/C2 neurons are catecholamine (CA) neurons within the solitary tract nucleus
(NTS) that influence many homeostatic functions, including cardiovascular reflexes, food …

The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a well-established mediator of body weight
homeostasis. However, the neurotransmitter (s) that mediate MC4R function remain largely …