Like all retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency virus selectively packages two copies of
its unspliced RNA genome, both of which are utilized for strand-transfer-mediated …

Envelope glycoproteins (Env) of lentiviruses typically possess unusually long cytoplasmic
domains, often 150 amino acids or longer. It is becoming increasingly clear that these …

More sensitive assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA are needed to
detect, quantify, and characterize persistent viremia in patients who are receiving …

Determining the amount of recombination in the genealogical history of a sample of genes is
important to both evolutionary biology and medical population genetics. However, recurrent …

Regulation of the expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome is
accomplished in large part by controlling transcription elongation. The viral protein Tat …

Resting CD4+ T-cell populations from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-
infected individuals include cells with integrated HIV-1 DNA. In individuals showing …

Time-scales of viral evolution and emergence have been studied widely, but are often poorly
understood. Molecular analyses of viral evolutionary time-scales generally rely on estimates …

The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into cells is initiated by binding of the
gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to the receptor, CD4. How does CD4 binding trigger …

During the assembly stage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle,
several thousand copies of the viral Gag polyprotein associate at the cell membrane and …

The evolutionary dynamics of HIV during the chronic phase of infection is driven by the host
immune response and by selective pressures exerted through drug treatment. To …