Ribbon‐class synapses in the ear achieve analog to digital transformation of a continuously
graded membrane potential to all‐or‐none spikes. In mammals, several auditory nerve …

Different types of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are essential for auditory perception by
transmitting complex auditory information from hair cells (HCs) to the brain. Here, we use …

Locomotion is a fundamental animal behavior required for survival and has been the subject
of neuroscience research for centuries. In terrestrial mammals, the rhythmic and coordinated …

Brainstem olivocochlear neurons (OCNs) modulate the earliest stages of auditory
processing through feedback projections to the cochlea and have been shown to influence …

Previous work in animals with recovered hearing thresholds but permanent inner hair cell
synapse loss after noise have suggested initial vulnerability of low spontaneous rate (SR) …

Sound-level coding in the auditory nerve is achieved through the progressive recruitment of
auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) that differ in threshold of activation and in the stimulus level at …

GABAB receptors are G-protein coupled receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.
Functional GABAB receptors are formed as heteromers of GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits …

Neural diversity can expand the encoding capacity of a circuitry. A striking example of
diverse structure and function is presented by the afferent synapses between inner hair cells …