Protein is a major component of all biological evidence, often the matrix that embeds other
biomolecules such as polynucleotides, lipids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. The …

The phylogenetic relationships between hominins of the Early Pleistocene epoch in Eurasia,
such as Homo antecessor, and hominins that appear later in the fossil record during the …

The assignment of biological sex to archaeological human skeletons is a fundamental
requirement for the reconstruction of the human past. It is conventionally and routinely …

Proteomics has become an attractive method to study human and animal material, biological
profile, and origin as an alternative to DNA analysis. It is limited by DNA amplification in …

Sex estimation of skeletons is fundamental to many archaeological studies. Currently, three
approaches are available to estimate sex–osteology, genomics, or proteomics, but little is …

Amelogenin genes are located on both X and Y sex chromosomes in humans and are a
major focus of DNA-based sex estimation methods. Amelogenin proteins, AMELX_HUMAN …

Objectives This study tests, for the first time, the applicability of a new method of sex
estimation utilizing enamel peptides on a sample of deciduous and permanent teeth at …

Bone tissue contains organic material that is useful for forensic investigations and may
contain preserved endogenous protein that can persist in the environment for extended …

Proteins from the extracellular matrix of enamel are highly specific and necessary for proper
enamel formation. Most proteins are removed from the matrix by enamel proteases before …

Tooth enamel is the hardest, densest and most mineralized tissue in vertebrates. This is due
to the high crystallinity of enamel. During enamel formation, proteins responsible for …