Background Inhaled corticosteroids have been used in patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), but the potential benefits of their use in triple therapy are not …

Background Reference values for lung function tests should be periodically updated
because of birth cohort effects and improved technology. This study updates the spirometric …

Rationale: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical inactivity are important manifestations
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and both are closely related to poor …

Computed tomography (CT) assessment of the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae
muscles (ESMCSA) can be used to evaluate sarcopenia and cachexia in patients with lung …

Purpose Muscle atrophy is a major clinical feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and is considered a predictor of mortality in COPD patients. Recently, the cross …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular damage and
fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Because activated and oligoclonally expanded …

Background: Low antigravity muscle mass is strongly associated with poor prognosis in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the significance of …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease often accompanied
by skeletal muscle wasting. We investigated whether skeletal muscle mass and muscle …

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures must be evaluated for their
discriminatory, evaluative, and predictive properties. However, the predictive capability …

Objective Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a relatively rare genetic disorder that affects
approximately 1 in 20,000 people. Approximately 50 genes are currently known to cause …