Adequate oxygen supply is essential for the human brain to meet its high energy demands.
Therefore, elaborate molecular and systemic mechanism are in place to enable adaptation …

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is a key brainstem structure relaying interoceptive
peripheral information to the interrelated brain centres for eliciting rapid autonomic …

A plethora of neural centers in the central nervous system control the fundamental
respiratory pattern. This control is ensured by neurons that act as pacemakers, modulating …

The respiratory system maintains homeostatic levels of oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide
(CO 2) in the body through rapid and efficient regulation of breathing frequency and depth …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that is associated
with structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. The hypothalamus plays a crucial …

Aerospace medicine required controlled terrestrial models to investigate influences of
altered atmosphere conditions, such as hypoxia, on human health and performance. These …

Introduction: Inflammation is a mechanism of the immune system that is part of the reaction
to pathogens or injury. The central nervous system closely regulates inflammation via …

While brainstem regions are central regulators of blood pressure, the neuronal mechanisms
underlying their role in hypertension remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the …

The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal measured by functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) is modulated by neural activity through the neurovascular …

Space medicine has developed controlled terrestrial models to investigate the impacts on
human health and performance, and their application should be expanded to encompass …