The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues
by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However …

An abnormal immune response to environmental agents is generally thought to be
responsible for causing chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic …

Rationale: Necroptosis, mediated by RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) and
MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like), is a form of regulated necrosis that can drive …

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway plays a central role in the prompt defense
against infectious challenge and provides immediate response to Gram-negative bacterial …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from exogenous sources or overproduced
endogenously, can disrupt the body's antioxidant defenses leading to compromised redox …

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that is influenced by the interplay between
genetic factors and exposure to environmental allergens, microbes, or microbial products …

Improving the lung function after experimental allergen challenge by blocking of mast cell
(MC) mediators and the capability of MC mediators (including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) …

By mapping the clinical pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
against insights from virology, immunology, genomics, epidemiology and pharmacology, it is …

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have both been historically
associated with significant morbidity and financial burden. These diseases can be induced …

Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere
shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of …