In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

B cells have an ever-increasing role in the etiopathology of a number of autoimmune
neurological disorders, acting as antigen-presenting cells facilitating antibody production but …

Double negative (DN)(CD19+ CD20lowCD27-IgD-) B cells are expanded in patients with
autoimmune and infectious diseases; however their role in the humoral immune response …

Regulatory B (Breg) cells represent a population of suppressor B cells that participate in
immunomodulatory processes and inhibition of excessive inflammation. The regulatory …

In multiple sclerosis (MS), pathogenic T cell responses are known to be important drivers of
autoimmune inflammation. However, increasing evidence suggests an additional role for B …

It has long been assumed that the functions of B cells reflected the roles of antibodies.
However, B cells also decisively influence immunity via antibody-independent mechanisms …

Abstract Background Regulatory B cells (Bregs), which protect from autoimmunity, are
deficient in multiple sclerosis (MS). Novel regulatory B cell subsets CD19+ CD24 hi CD38 hi …

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is characterized by MRI-typical brain lesions
fulfilling the 2009 Okuda criteria, detected in patients without clinical conditions suggestive …